New ICD table: main changes

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a system structured by the World Health Organization (WHO) to standardize the identification, recording and analysis of diseases, injuries and causes of death recognized by medicine.

Until then, ICD-10 was in force, published in 1992 and updated periodically by specialists from several countries.

After a broad review process, in which the WHO received more than 10,000 proposed changes, the new version, ICD-11, took effect in January 2022.

Main changes

ICD-11 broadened its scope and brought together about 55,000 codes for clinical and epidemiological use. Among the most relevant advances are:

• A simplified coding structure and support for digital tools, which makes searching, coding and integration with electronic health systems easier.

• Inclusion of gaming disorder as a condition related to mental health.

• Global alignment of antimicrobial resistance classifications, for greater international consistency.

• New chapters, on topics such as traditional medicine and sexual health.

• 100% electronic availability.

Debate over the code related to aging

The implementation of ICD-11 sparked controversy, especially around code MG2A, initially described as “old age.” The wording was criticized by scientific bodies such as the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, which pointed to risks of:

• Age stigma, by suggesting that aging is a pathological condition.

• Statistical distortions, if the code were used indiscriminately as a cause of death.

• Care and regulatory implications, including inappropriate interpretations in health plan contracts.

On December 16, following statements from international organizations and medical societies, the WHO revised the term to “aging-associated decline in intrinsic capacity.” The new wording preserves the understanding that aging, in itself, does not constitute a disease, but can influence vulnerability to specific clinical conditions.

Conclusion

The ICD update represents a significant move toward the global standardization of health information, with a direct impact on clinical practice, epidemiological surveillance, public policymaking and administrative records.

Despite the controversies that accompany each revision, the system remains one of the main reference tools for healthcare professionals around the world.

See the updated list of codes.